Friday, June 16, 2006

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Configure TCP/IP addressing on a server computer.

Start=> control panel=> network connections=>local area connection.

Servers typically use static addresses, DHCP servers must have a static address.

Interface cards can have more than one address assigned this is called multihoming. Interface cards can have multiple protocols binded to them.

Look for questions with incorrect subnet masks or gateways.

Manage DHCP.

§ Manage DHCP clients and leases.

§ Manage DHCP Relay Agent.

§ Manage DHCP databases.

§ Manage DHCP scope options.

§ Manage reservations and reserved clients.

Troubleshoot TCP/IP addressing.

§ Diagnose and resolve issues related to Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA).

§ APIPA uses 169.254.xxx.xxx range. Client knows this isn’t a real DHCP address and tries to contact DHCP server every 5 mins. Look for questions with ip addresses in this range.

§ Look for questions where some connectivity has been lost and the problem host has an ip 169.254.xxx.xxx, this is an APIPA address and probably means the client can’t access the DHCP server so it gives itself an APIPA

§ Diagnose and resolve issues related to incorrect TCP/IP configuration.

§ Look for questions with incorrect subnet masks or gateways.

§ Ipconfig /all - displays maximum info

§ Ipconfig /display dns - shows all resolved names in cache

§ Ipconfig /flushdns –clears cache. Look for questions where new hosts or ip changes result in loss of connectivity from client. If you try to connect (ping / resolve) to a host that is not connected you will get a “could not find host” message, if you then connect the host (or if you change the ip) and then ping you get the same error as the response comes from cache, ipconfog /flushdns will solve this.

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§ ARP resolves IP addresses to MAC addresses.

§ arp –a displays ARP cache, if you need to know the MAC address of a remote host (e,g to create a DHCP reservation based on a MAC address).

§ arp –d clears arp cache

§ nbtstat NetBIOS name resolution (uses case sensitive switches)

§ nbtstat –r shows netbios cache

§ nbtstat –R reload name cache

§ nbtstat –RR renew and refresh name cache

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§ netstat –a shows all ports that are established or listening.

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§ tracert traces the conection (route) between 2 hosts from nearest to furthest.

§ note: ping and tracert use ICMP echo requests, some web servers will time out as they can be set to ignore echo requests for security.

Troubleshoot DHCP.

§ Diagnose and resolve issues related to DHCP authorization.

§ Verify DHCP reservation configuration.

§ Examine the system event log and DHCP server audit log files to find related events.

§ Diagnose and resolve issues related to configuration of DHCP server and scope options.

§ Verify that the DHCP Relay Agent is working correctly.

§ Look for questions where some connectivity has been lost and the problem host has an ip 169.254.xxx.xxx, this is an APIPA address and probably means the client can’t access the DHCP server so it gives itself an APIPA

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§ Verify database integrity.

Install and configure the DNS Server service.

§ Configure DNS server options.

§ Configure DNS zone options.

§ Configure DNS forwarding.

Manage DNS.

§ Manage DNS zone settings.

§ Manage DNS record settings.

§ Manage DNS server options.

Monitor DNS. Tools might include System Monitor, Event Viewer, Replication Monitor, and DNS debug logs.

Implement secure network administration procedures.

§ Implement security baseline settings and audit security settings by using security templates.

§ Implement the principle of least privilege.

Install and configure software update infrastructure.

§ Install and configure software update services.

§ Install and configure automatic client update settings.

§ Configure software updates on earlier operating systems.

Monitor network protocol security. Tools might include the IP Security Monitor Microsoft Management Console (MMC) snap-in and Kerberos support tools.

Troubleshoot network protocol security. Tools might include the IP Security Monitor MMC snap-in, Event Viewer, and Network Monitor.

Configure Routing and Remote Access user authentication.

§ Configure remote access authentication protocols.

§ Configure Internet Authentication Service (IAS) to provide authentication for Routing and Remote Access clients.

§ Configure Routing and Remote Access policies to permit or deny access.

Manage remote access.

§ Manage packet filters.

§ Manage Routing and Remote Access routing interfaces.

§ Manage devices and ports.

§ Manage routing protocols.

§ Manage Routing and Remote Access clients.

Manage TCP/IP routing.

§ Manage routing protocols.

§ Manage routing tables.

§ Manage routing ports.

Implement secure access between private networks.

Troubleshoot user access to remote access services.

§ Diagnose and resolve issues related to remote access VPNs.

§ Diagnose and resolve issues related to establishing a remote access connection.

§ Diagnose and resolve user access to resources beyond the remote access server.

Troubleshoot Routing and Remote Access routing.

§ Troubleshoot demand-dial routing.

§ Troubleshoot router-to-router VPNs.

Monitor network traffic. Tools might include Network Monitor and System Monitor.

Troubleshoot connectivity to the Internet.

Troubleshoot server services.

§ Diagnose and resolve issues related to service dependency.

§ Use service recovery options to diagnose and resolve service-related issues.

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